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SWOT analysis about the air environment

  • Writer: Green Movement
    Green Movement
  • Mar 18, 2021
  • 5 min read


1. Strengths


Transport is one of the biggest causes of air pollution. According to Mr. Mai Trong Thai, Director of the Department of Environmental Protection, the Hanoi Department of Natural Resources, Transport develops a project against traffic congestion, the Department of Construction builds a dust-proof project. All vehicles are controlled and registered to ensure the quality of vehicles. In addition, the quality of fuel used must also be improved, such as replacing E2 gasoline with biofuel to waste, the emission source ensures the highest exhaust gas level.


In addition, the People's Committee of Hanoi City and the Department of Transport have also advised the government to propose measures to control emissions for old motorcycles, especially recycled motorcycles to proceed with withdrawal according to regulations. In which, there is a proposal to decentralize responsibility for each agency, local government to increase efficiency in controlling vehicle exhaust quality. In addition, for suburban vehicles entering the inner city, it is necessary to divide lanes, wash vehicles, and shield to limit dust. In the long term, it is necessary to step up the roadmap to apply emission standards to means of transport, to apply economic tools to limit the use of old and outdated vehicles in urban areas. Develop plans and roadmaps to strengthen and develop an environmentally friendly and public transportation system to replace the use of motorcycles and 2-wheel motorcycles. Encourage people to use public transport, reduce personal vehicles, proceed to eliminate obsolete motorized vehicles causing environmental pollution.


The Ministry of Construction also promotes the direction, guidance, inspection, and assessment of the implementation of the management of occupational hygiene and the environment in the construction of works, research, and use of noise-canceling materials at the building. Strictly handle violations, regularly disclose information of individuals and organizations violating regulations on environmental protection on the mass media. Inspecting, examining, and guiding project owners, management, and construction units of construction and traffic work to strictly implement measures to prevent and minimize dust and gas emissions into the surrounding environment (shielding buildings, spraying water, washing roads, washing cars in and out of buildings, etc.).


According to Mrs. Thanh Thuy, working at the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, since 2016, Hanoi has officially put into operation 10 air environment monitoring stations with 2 fixed stations and 8 sensor stations. These stations in addition to the function of monitoring air quality, disclosing information on air environmental quality, but also collecting databases for management and planning, policy on environmental protection in the whole city.


To limit environmental pollution, planting trees is also one of the measures that Vietnamese people care about. There are many green tree planting activities, for example, the campaign "planting 4000 urban green trees" was held on October 9 and 11 by the Vietnam Green Water Conservation Center (GreenViet) and the University. Forestry is organized in Ung Hoa, Chuong My, and Quoc Oai districts in Hanoi city. Not only that, "One million green trees in urban Vietnam," is expected to be implemented over a 10-year period, from 2020-2030; in which Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City are the 3 focus locations of the program. The project of one million urban green trees "came into existence" with the expectation of increasing the density of urban green trees, improving air quality; raising awareness of residents about lifestyles in harmony with nature, and promoting communities to join hands in improving urban ecosystems in Vietnam.


2. Weaknesses


a. Transport planning and transport demand management


The number of private vehicles, especially motorcycles, has increased rapidly, reaching 34 million by 2011 and 1,8 million by 2011. Public transport only accounts for a limited proportion of overall traffic: 7-8 percent in Ha Noi and 5 percent in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and several cities see no public busses. Despite stringent interventions, the exceptionally high proportion of private means of transport has exacerbated urban traffic, as demonstrated by increased traffic congestion, air degradation, and traffic injuries.


b. Limitations of air pollution reduction policies in Vietnam


Research on the legal provisions on the air environment inspection in the environment Law on Protection 2017 shows that there are still people who do not update, lack, and restrict the regime affecting the air result environment in Vietnam.


According to the current law, the determination of the damage to the air environment is generally considered the environment, but there is no separate basis for determining the damage of the air environment. Meanwhile, the air is a special type of medium compared to other environmental components, such as soil, water, due to its diffusion properties. Currently, the determination of the extent of damage is coordinated by the environmental management agency, the PPCs of the provinces, and the affected people through the estimation of property loss and people's health. In very rare cases, a specialized agency for environmental studies has been involved to coordinate damage determination. In fact, the determination of the damage caused by air pollution is not easy, especially it is difficult to determine the causal relationship between the act of polluting the air environment and the damage that occurs. Therefore, up to now, no individual has been prosecuted for criminal responsibility. Moreover, according to regulations, the discharge must reach a certain load to be prosecuted for criminal liability, meanwhile. This load determination is very difficult for atmospheric environments.


Policies and laws on air pollution control are increasingly perfect, but still lack technical regulations on the air environment. We do not have a standard limit for each type of dust and gas. For example, dust PM2.5, currently, the World Health Organization - WHO standard allows the limit of PM2.5 dust to be 10µg / m3. However, the Vietnamese standards are limited to 50µg / m3 (5 times higher than WHO standards). This is also one of the major shortcomings today.


Most of the measures come only from the government without the coordination of stakeholders. For example, sources of outdoor air pollution that are beyond the control of individual citizens require coordination of policymakers from the local, central, and international levels. Even during periods of low air pollution, the authorities in the transport, energy and waste management, urban planning, and agriculture sectors need to work together to ensure air clean.


3. Opportunities

  • Growing demand for green technologies

  • Decrease fuel cost

  • Decreasing road congestion in urban cities

  • Being more responsive to environmental options

  • Advertising wifi services in smart transportation.

  • Expanding on the advertising on being more environmentally responsible

  • Expansions off business into newly developed technology to improve air pollution


4. Threats

  • Technological advances

  • Changing in government politics

  • Increase electric cost

  • Marketing strategies that entice people to change their behavior

  • Contamination risks that include the threat of biofuel

  • The vast amount of money that needs to develop technology

Nguyen Thi Hoai Linh

References

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