Advanced biofuel: Sustainable development direction of renewable fuels

In response to climate change caused by the greenhouse effect, rapidly developing renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, especially advanced biofuels are attracting attention. of the world's leading researchers and energy companies.

Biofuels are the term used to refer to energy sources formed from compounds of animal and plant origin (animal fat, coconut oil, ...), grains (wheat, soybean ...), agricultural waste (straw, manure ...), industrial waste products (sawdust, waste wood products ...)

Biofuels can be classified into the following main groups:

• Biodiesel

• Biogasoline

• Biogas

Advanced biofuel

According to the references, advanced biofuels or sustainable biofuels do not necessarily include fuels with advanced (non-oxygen-free) properties but This concept is also used to refer to the following biofuels: second-generation; low CO2 emissions; (reduces the greenhouse effect of GHG and does not affect food production). Thus, the criteria for a type of biofuel to be considered advanced include the type of biomass material, the conversion technology used, and the properties of the fuel molecules being formed.

Often the term advanced biofuel is applied to lignocellulose or cellulose biomass biofuels, consisting of a series of cellulose-containing plant molecules/materials with varying amounts of lignin, chain length, and level. different degrees of polymerization. In fact, there are some cellulose materials that are easily broken down to form compounds (plant sugars) that are easily converted into fuel molecules, the more complex ("wooded") cellulose will be. harder to break down and more costly to produce when making liquid biofuels. Therefore, the term advanced biofuel is often used to describe the following:

• Biofuels are produced by advanced processes from non-food materials (waste, agro-forestry waste, “energy crops”, algae). The end product is equivalent to a fuel produced by first-generation technology (ethanol or FAME) or another advanced biofuel (eg, bio DME or biokerosene). Next-generation biofuels are considered more sustainable because the raw materials and processing used to result in greater GHG reductions and are not competitive with food crops.

• Biofuel has advanced properties such as hydrogen treated vegetable oil (HVO), biofuel, bio-jet fuel, biobutanol ... These fuels are quite compatible with the infrastructure. existing floors or have technical advantages in fuel distribution and use. However, biofuels with more complete properties can also be produced from quite a variety of ingredients (from oil crops or vegetable sugars).

So, advanced biofuels are produced from sustainable raw materials, non-food crops or by-products such as oil crops grown on poor soil (marginal), or oil. Used food, animal fats through first-generation technology can also be called next-generation or sustainable biofuels, sometimes classified as advanced biofuels although public Processing technology is not advanced.

A total of 109,633 patent documents were found related to biofuels, of which 52.4% of patent applications were granted.

Technology overview

This chart is based on International Patent Classification (IPC) codes included in the patent set being analyzed. The IPC codes have been grouped in 35 technology areas, presented here. This chart helps to determine the diversity or uniqueness of the applicant's patent portfolio. This illustration allows the user to very quickly identify the core business of the subject under study. The least underrepresented categories also serve as means for identifying other potential uses for the subject's invention. This chart is useful for identifying inventions within an area and in an area that may have multiple uses. It may be useful to define the domains for which inventions have been filed. According to the chart above, from 2006 up to now, the main fields with patents related to biofuel are mainly biotechnology, environmental technology, organic chemistry, food chemistry, and pharmaceuticals. ... The groups of technologies related to biofuels such as digital media, semiconductors, nanotechnology ... still account for a smaller proportion than the above fields.

The chart "Technologies and applications" shows that areas such as biomass, biological reactions ... are areas of interest in biofuel technology.

Le Thi Bao Uyen

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References

• Hong Le (2020). “Cong nghe Nhien lieu sinh hoc: Phan tich qua bieu do sang che”. Retrieved from: http://www.noip.gov.vn/web/guest/sach-tap-chi-va-tai-lieu-tham-khao/-/asset_publisher/5hGA1SMJFnhf/content/xu-huong-bao-ho-sang-che-trong-linh-vuc-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc?inheritRedirect=false&redirect=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noip.gov.vn%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fsach-tap-chi-va-tai-lieu-tham-khao%3Fp_p_id%3D101_INSTANCE_5hGA1SMJFnhf%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-1%26p_p_col_count%3D1&fbclid=IwAR2lMhMdzFcEGzo5K6ULav8A7D5zQvP1B42vv6QTJ7oXDM6y7hb3skJjtHY

• Ho Si Thoang (2018). “Nhien lieu sinh hoc tien tien: Huong phat trien ben vung cua nhien lieu tai tao”. Retrieved from: https://petrovietnam.petrotimes.vn/nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc-tien-tien-huong-phat-trien-ben-vung-cua-nhien-lieu-tai-tao-504717.html

• US Department of Energy/Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Alternative fuels data center. Retrieved from: https://afdc.energy.gov/